上海燃氣發電機組回收
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上海燃(ran)氣(qi)發電機(ji)回收公司(si)長期高(gao)價提供燃(ran)氣(qi)發電機(ji)回收服務(wu)。燃(ran)(ran)氣發(fa)(fa)電機組(zu)(zu)(zu)是(shi)適(shi)應世界環(huan)保(bao)要求和市場新環(huan)境(jing)而開發(fa)(fa)的新型(xing)發(fa)(fa)電機組(zu)(zu)(zu)。天然氣發(fa)(fa)電機組(zu)(zu)(zu)主要分為兩(liang)種，一種是(shi)聯(lian)合循環(huan)燃(ran)(ran)氣輪機，一種是(shi)燃(ran)(ran)氣內燃(ran)(ran)機。
一、上海柴油發電機組回收產品的概括
燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發(fa)(fa)電機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)是(shi)(shi)適(shi)應世界(jie)環(huan)保要求和市場新(xin)(xin)環(huan)境(jing)而開發(fa)(fa)的新(xin)(xin)型(xing)發(fa)(fa)電機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)。天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發(fa)(fa)電機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)主(zhu)要分為兩(liang)種，一種是(shi)(shi)聯(lian)合循環(huan)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)，一種是(shi)(shi)燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內燃機(ji)(ji)。燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)功率比(bi)較大，主(zhu)要用(yong)(yong)在大、中型(xing)電站，燃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)內燃機(ji)(ji)功率比(bi)較小(xiao)(xiao)，主(zhu)要用(yong)(yong)在小(xiao)(xiao)型(xing)的分布式電站。它是(shi)(shi)取代燃油(you)、燃煤(mei)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)的新(xin)(xin)型(xing)綠色環(huan)保動力。充(chong)分利用(yong)(yong)各種天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)或有(you)害氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體作為燃料，變廢為寶、運(yun)行(xing)安全(quan)方便(bian)，成本(ben)效(xiao)益高，排放污染低，并適(shi)宜(yi)熱、電聯(lian)產(chan)等優點，市場前景十(shi)分廣闊。
在我國，由于受到天然氣(qi)(qi)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)影(ying)響，天然氣(qi)(qi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)尚(shang)處(chu)于初始(shi)階(jie)段。真(zhen)正大面(mian)積的(de)(de)天然氣(qi)(qi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)作為分布能源(yuan)站還要假以(yi)時日。現(xian)在的(de)(de)小規模天然氣(qi)(qi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)主要是在油田、氣(qi)(qi)田以(yi)及機場、酒店(dian)、醫院(yuan)等(deng)。可以(yi)預計，隨著天然氣(qi)(qi)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)愈(yu)加充足、供(gong)應(ying)(ying)范圍的(de)(de)不斷擴大，近幾年天然氣(qi)(qi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)將會得到一個飛速的(de)(de)發(fa)展。
二、上海燃氣發電機組回收產品的優點
燃(ran)氣發電(dian)機組具(ju)(ju)有輸(shu)出(chu)功率范圍廣，啟動和運行(xing)可靠(kao)高、發電(dian)質量(liang)好、重量(liang)輕、體積小、維護簡單、低頻噪(zao)聲小等優點(dian)，一(yi)般它們具(ju)(ju)有以下(xia)四個優點(dian)：
一、發電質量好
由于發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)工作時(shi)只(zhi)有旋轉(zhuan)運(yun)動，電(dian)(dian)調反應速度(du)快，工作特別平穩，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機輸出電(dian)(dian)壓和頻率的(de)精度(du)高，波動小，在(zai)突加(jia)空減50%和75%負載時(shi)，機組(zu)運(yun)行非常穩定，優于柴(chai)油發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)機組(zu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣性能(neng)指(zhi)標(biao)。
二、啟(qi)動性能好(hao)，啟(qi)動成功率高
從冷態啟動成功(gong)后到滿負載(zai)的時間僅為30秒鐘(zhong)，而國際(ji)規定柴油(you)發(fa)電(dian)機啟動成功(gong)后3分鐘(zhong)帶負載(zai)。燃(ran)氣輪發(fa)電(dian)機組可以任何環境溫度和氣候下(xia)保(bao)證啟動的成功(gong)率。
三、噪(zao)聲低振動小(xiao)
由于燃(ran)汽輪機處(chu)于高速旋轉狀態，它(ta)的振(zhen)動非(fei)常小(xiao)，而且低(di)頻噪聲優于柴油(you)發電機組(zu)。
四、采用的(de)可燃性氣體是清潔(jie)、廉價的(de)能源
諸如：瓦斯氣，桔梗氣，沼氣等，以它們為(wei)燃料的發電(dian)機組不(bu)僅運行可靠(kao)，成本低(di)，而且(qie)能變(bian)廢為(wei)寶，不(bu)會產生(sheng)污染。
三、上海燃氣發電機(ji)組回收產品(pin)的技術參(can)數
確保機組(zu)可靠運行(xing)
嚴格按照規定要求進行(xing)機組日常保養(yang),確保機組可靠運行(xing)
良好的(de)維護保(bao)(bao)養能保(bao)(bao)證機(ji)組(zu)可靠(kao)運行。正常(chang)(chang)使用情(qing)況下,保(bao)(bao)養工(gong)作(zuo)應按規定的(de)日(ri)保(bao)(bao)養、周保(bao)(bao)養、月(yue)保(bao)(bao)養要(yao)求(qiu)進行。通過這些(xie)(xie)規定的(de)保(bao)(bao)養,能及(ji)時發現(xian)(xian)機(ji)組(zu)是否(fou)存在(zai)聲音(yin)異(yi)常(chang)(chang)、動(dong)作(zuo)異(yi)常(chang)(chang)、外觀(guan)異(yi)常(chang)(chang)、溫度異(yi)常(chang)(chang)、壓力異(yi)常(chang)(chang)和氣味異(yi)常(chang)(chang)等故(gu)障(zhang)現(xian)(xian)象,從而(er)及(ji)時對機(ji)組(zu)進行檢(jian)查和調(diao)整,進而(er)有針對性(xing)的(de)加以解(jie)決,確保(bao)(bao)機(ji)組(zu)運行在(zai)最佳(jia)狀態。在(zai)這些(xie)(xie)保(bao)(bao)養要(yao)求(qiu)中,要(yao)特別注意以下三個方面的(de)檢(jian)查和保(bao)(bao)養:
(1) 潤(run)(run)滑系統的(de)(de)檢查和保(bao)養。該種類型機組由于存在運轉(zhuan)部(bu)件(jian)多,運轉(zhuan)部(bu)件(jian)工作條件(jian)惡劣,大多處在高溫(wen)、高沖擊載(zai)荷(he)狀態下,需要潤(run)(run)滑的(de)(de)部(bu)位較多,對潤(run)(run)滑系統的(de)(de)可靠性要求較為(wei)苛(ke)刻(ke),因此要注(zhu)意檢查潤(run)(run)滑油(you)系統的(de)(de)油(you)質情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)、油(you)位情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang)、油(you)溫(wen)和油(you)壓情(qing)(qing)況(kuang)(kuang),注(zhu)意離心濾(lv)清(qing)(qing)(qing)器(qi)和機油(you)濾(lv)清(qing)(qing)(qing)器(qi)的(de)(de)清(qing)(qing)(qing)洗,避免出現(xian)因潤(run)(run)滑不良造成的(de)(de)機組零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)磨損加劇(ju),縮短機組零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)的(de)(de)使用壽命,加大維護(hu)工作量(liang);
(2) 空(kong)氣(qi)過(guo)濾(lv)器(qi)(qi)的(de)檢查和保養。空(kong)氣(qi)過(guo)濾(lv)器(qi)(qi)如果運轉良好(hao)的(de)話(hua),將有(you)效(xiao)地(di)避免(mian)(mian)因進氣(qi)阻力大(da)引起的(de)增(zeng)壓(ya)壓(ya)力下降過(guo)大(da),進而(er)造成渦輪(lun)增(zeng)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)出現漏油現象;還(huan)可避免(mian)(mian)因流量減少(shao)引起的(de)渦輪(lun)增(zeng)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)壓(ya)氣(qi)機(ji)喘振(zhen)現象。因此要(yao)定(ding)期清(qing)理空(kong)氣(qi)過(guo)濾(lv)器(qi)(qi),必要(yao)時更換新濾(lv)芯。在(zai)潮濕(shi)地(di)區可將紙質(zhi)濾(lv)芯抽掉。
(3) 相關間(jian)隙和(he)角度(du)的(de)檢查(cha)和(he)調整。主(zhu)要是火花(hua)塞間(jian)隙、氣門(men)間(jian)隙和(he)配氣定時(shi)等的(de)檢查(cha)和(he)調整。
機組運(yun)行一段時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)后,火(huo)花(hua)(hua)塞的(de)間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)會有(you)所(suo)變大(da),這(zhe)是(shi)正常現象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)。以泰州市兆航機電設備有(you)限公(gong)司生產的(de)設備為例(li)當間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)增大(da)到0. 89mm 時(shi)(shi),火(huo)花(hua)(hua)塞將出(chu)現失(shi)火(huo)現象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),造成機組運(yun)行不穩(wen),甚至停(ting)車,所(suo)以應(ying)定(ding)(ding)期檢查(cha)和調整,同時(shi)(shi)消除火(huo)花(hua)(hua)塞及其(qi)(qi)螺紋處出(chu)現的(de)積(ji)炭,確保其(qi)(qi)好用。另(ling)外,機組經(jing)長(chang)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)運(yun)轉后,由于配(pei)氣(qi)(qi)機構的(de)磨損(sun)和松動(dong)等原因,會引起氣(qi)(qi)門間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)的(de)變化,應(ying)定(ding)(ding)期檢查(cha)并調整氣(qi)(qi)門間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)。配(pei)氣(qi)(qi)定(ding)(ding)時(shi)(shi)在正常情況下不需要進行調整,當機組各缸工作(zuo)狀(zhuang)態出(chu)現異常時(shi)(shi),應(ying)首先(xian)檢查(cha)指針上(shang)止點指示位置是(shi)否正確,檢查(cha)傳動(dong)系統各齒輪傳動(dong)記號是(shi)否對準,整個系統的(de)裝配(pei)關系及氣(qi)(qi)門間(jian)(jian)隙(xi)是(shi)否正確。若(ruo)經(jing)檢查(cha)調整后,仍與規定(ding)(ding)值差異較大(da)時(shi)(shi),則應(ying)考慮凸輪軸或(huo)齒輪傳動(dong)件有(you)無損(sun)壞(huai)現象(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),必要時(shi)(shi)進行修復或(huo)更換(huan)。
提高(gao)檢修效率(lv)
對(dui)(dui)維修工(gong)具加以(yi)改(gai)(gai)進,對(dui)(dui)設備進行改(gai)(gai)造,提高檢修效率
該G12V190ZLT - 2 型內(nei)(nei)混(hun)式(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)發(fa)(fa)動機是針對煉化(hua)(hua)尾氣(qi)(qi)(qi)含(han)氫量(liang)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)特點而設計的(de)(de)(de)(de),它采用(yong)(yong)(yong)機械內(nei)(nei)混(hun)方式(shi),定(ding)時地打開燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)閥(fa)將(jiang)可燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)噴入(ru)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸,使(shi)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)與空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)缸內(nei)(nei)混(hun)合(he)(he),進行燃(ran)(ran)燒。這(zhe)樣通(tong)過(guo)(guo)增(zeng)壓器、進氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)始終是不(bu)可燃(ran)(ran)的(de)(de)(de)(de)純空氣(qi)(qi)(qi),避(bi)免了(le)(le)(le)回火問題,解(jie)決了(le)(le)(le)煉化(hua)(hua)尾氣(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)含(han)氫量(liang)高容易造成進氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管內(nei)(nei)爆炸的(de)(de)(de)(de)危險。但是,由(you)(you)于(yu)煉油廠回收的(de)(de)(de)(de)瓦斯(si)中(zhong)含(han)有(you)(you)(you)H2 S 和(he)(he)NH3 ,安(an)(an)裝在(zai)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)管線上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)調節閥(fa)閥(fa)芯和(he)(he)腔體(ti)也(ye)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)有(you)(you)(you)NH4 HS 結(jie)晶。當(dang)瓦斯(si)中(zhong)混(hun)有(you)(you)(you)凝結(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)液體(ti)碳(tan)氫化(hua)(hua)合(he)(he)物并(bing)(bing)進入(ru)燃(ran)(ran)料(liao)系(xi)統時,因為液體(ti)碳(tan)氫化(hua)(hua)合(he)(he)物爆燃(ran)(ran)釋(shi)放出大(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輻(fu)射熱,使(shi)相(xiang)關與高溫(wen)煙(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)接觸的(de)(de)(de)(de)部(bu)(bu)件因暴露在(zai)過(guo)(guo)高溫(wen)度(du)條件下(xia)而損壞。由(you)(you)于(yu)爆燃(ran)(ran)現(xian)象時有(you)(you)(you)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng),機組的(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸、進排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)門(men)、進排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)門(men)座(zuo)等故障(zhang)頻(pin)繁,使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命降(jiang)低(di),維(wei)護量(liang)相(xiang)當(dang)大(da)。由(you)(you)于(yu)安(an)(an)裝活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)時是采用(yong)(yong)(yong)隨機帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)夾(由(you)(you)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)半(ban)圓(yuan)環(huan)(huan)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)一個(ge)(ge)銷軸連接而成,銷軸處的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個(ge)(ge)半(ban)圓(yuan)環(huan)(huan)上(shang)焊(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)一個(ge)(ge)把(ba)手(shou),兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)半(ban)圓(yuan)環(huan)(huan)另一側(ce)各焊(han)(han)有(you)(you)(you)一個(ge)(ge)把(ba)手(shou)。將(jiang)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)環(huan)(huan)并(bing)(bing)攏,以保證活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)組能順(shun)利進入(ru)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸內(nei)(nei)。在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)我們(men)(men)發(fa)(fa)現(xian):使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)環(huan)(huan)夾時維(wei)修人員(yuan)在(zai)安(an)(an)裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)整個(ge)(ge)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)必(bi)須一方面(mian)(mian)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)握(wo)緊環(huan)(huan)夾銷軸另一側(ce)兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)把(ba)手(shou)來(lai)保證環(huan)(huan)夾處在(zai)并(bing)(bing)攏狀(zhuang)態,另一方面(mian)(mian)還要(yao)注意機體(ti)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)螺栓不(bu)會妨(fang)礙環(huan)(huan)夾兩(liang)側(ce)把(ba)手(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)下(xia)落(luo),安(an)(an)裝起(qi)來(lai)相(xiang)當(dang)費力(li)。 為了(le)(le)(le)安(an)(an)裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)方便(bian)、快捷,我們(men)(men)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)報廢的(de)(de)(de)(de)缸套(tao)加工了(le)(le)(le)一個(ge)(ge)錐套(tao)(錐套(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)外(wai)徑基本按(an)照(zhao)缸套(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原有(you)(you)(you)尺寸不(bu)變,僅僅在(zai)頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)加工一段20mm 長的(de)(de)(de)(de)錐面(mian)(mian),并(bing)(bing)在(zai)錐面(mian)(mian)與內(nei)(nei)孔交界處倒一個(ge)(ge)大(da)圓(yuan)角,方便(bian)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)環(huan)(huan)能順(shun)利壓入(ru)錐套(tao)。在(zai)把(ba)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)安(an)(an)裝到(dao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸之前就(jiu)把(ba)錐套(tao)套(tao)在(zai)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)環(huan)(huan)處,使(shi)全部(bu)(bu)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)環(huan)(huan)都處于(yu)正常(chang)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓縮狀(zhuang)態,安(an)(an)裝時僅僅需要(yao)先把(ba)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)裙部(bu)(bu)放在(zai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸內(nei)(nei),然后稍作(zuo)調整,使(shi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸與錐套(tao)同心,再輕輕用(yong)(yong)(yong)手(shou)緩緩地將(jiang)活(huo)(huo)塞(sai)(sai)推入(ru)到(dao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)缸內(nei)(nei)。這(zhe)樣不(bu)但降(jiang)低(di)了(le)(le)(le)勞動強度(du),而且提高了(le)(le)(le)安(an)(an)裝效率。
查找故障的準確(que)性
按故障分析與排除原則查找故障,提高查找故障的準確性(xing)
發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)故(gu)障時(shi),注意從(cong)故(gu)障現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)故(gu)障原(yuan)因,結合原(yuan)理分(fen)(fen)析(xi)結構,由表及里(li),先易后難。發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)故(gu)障時(shi)應(ying)首先考慮(lv)以(yi)下三個問題: (1) 故(gu)障發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)前(qian)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)什(shen)么現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)? (2) 故(gu)障發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)前(qian)進行過(guo)(guo)哪些保養(yang)、檢(jian)修(xiu)工作? (3) 以(yi)前(qian)是(shi)否(fou)(fou)遇到類(lei)似的(de)(de)情況? 怎么處理的(de)(de)?另外(wai),當(dang)機組(zu)允(yun)許在運(yun)行中(zhong)判斷問題所在時(shi),可(ke)在運(yun)行中(zhong)判斷。例如(ru)(ru)(ru):機組(zu)運(yun)行時(shi)若(ruo)(ruo)發(fa)(fa)現(xian)(xian)(xian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)溫過(guo)(guo)高或(huo)某一缸(gang)(gang)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)溫突然變(bian)化大(da),應(ying)首先在設備(bei)運(yun)轉狀態下檢(jian)查各缸(gang)(gang)燃(ran)氣調(diao)節閥有無松動(dong)現(xian)(xian)(xian)象(xiang)(xiang),若(ruo)(ruo)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)除燃(ran)氣調(diao)節閥沒(mei)有松動(dong)后問題依然存在,應(ying)停機檢(jian)查其(qi)點火系(xi)統如(ru)(ru)(ru):火花塞和點火線圈等是(shi)否(fou)(fou)存在問題;若(ruo)(ruo)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)溫異常(chang)(chang),則(ze)要(yao)區分(fen)(fen)是(shi)單缸(gang)(gang)還(huan)是(shi)整體排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)溫異常(chang)(chang),如(ru)(ru)(ru)果(guo)是(shi)單缸(gang)(gang)異常(chang)(chang),應(ying)考慮(lv)是(shi)不是(shi)儀表顯(xian)示不正常(chang)(chang),可(ke)采用測量(liang)熱電(dian)動(dong)勢或(huo)倒線的(de)(de)方式加(jia)以(yi)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)除;如(ru)(ru)(ru)果(guo)是(shi)整體異常(chang)(chang),應(ying)考慮(lv)氣體濃度是(shi)否(fou)(fou)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)了變(bian)化或(huo)是(shi)否(fou)(fou)存在點
火不(bu)良。排除故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)時(shi),當沒有有效手(shou)段查清故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)原因時(shi),可以采用置換法。例如當懷疑點火控制(zhi)器(qi)出現故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)時(shi),檢(jian)查和調(diao)整時(shi)需將(jiang)點火控制(zhi)器(qi)連接(jie)到PC 電(dian)腦(nao)或專用手(shou)提編程(cheng)器(qi)上進行調(diao)整,但基本上維護單位都不(bu)會配置這些檢(jian)測(ce)設(she)備,這時(shi)就可以把其他備用設(she)備上的(de)點火控制(zhi)器(qi)拆過(guo)來(lai)裝上后開機運轉,通(tong)過(guo)觀察(cha)類似的(de)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)現象是(shi)否(fou)再次發生來(lai)判(pan)斷是(shi)不(bu)是(shi)點火控制(zhi)器(qi)損壞
四、上(shang)海燃氣發電(dian)機組回收產(chan)品的噪聲(sheng)處理
燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組由燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發動機(ji)(ji)、發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)、控制柜(ju)等(deng)部件組成,燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發動機(ji)(ji)與發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)安裝在同一(yi)個鋼(gang)制底盤上。機(ji)(ji)組以天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、井(jing)口伴(ban)生(sheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、煤(mei)礦瓦(wa)斯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、水(shui)煤(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、煉(lian)化尾(wei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、沼氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、焦爐(lu)(lu)煤(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、高爐(lu)(lu)煤(mei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)可燃(ran)性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體為(wei)(wei)(wei)燃(ran)料,啟動迅速,經(jing)濟性好,特別是(shi)由于高質量城(cheng)市生(sheng)活的需求,燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組已廣(guang)泛(fan)應用(yong)于電(dian)信(xin)、郵(you)局、銀行(xing)、圖書館、醫院、賓館等(deng)部門,作為(wei)(wei)(wei)后備電(dian)源。最(zui)初燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組是(shi)針(zhen)對礦場工況設計(ji)的,機(ji)(ji)組運行(xing)時產生(sheng)的噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)一(yi)般為(wei)(wei)(wei)95~110 dB(A)。GB 3096-93城(cheng)市區(qu)域環(huan)境噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)標準對市區(qu)的噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)狀況進行(xing)了嚴格的規定,對于2類區(qu)域(居住(zhu)、商業(ye)、工業(ye)混(hun)雜區(qu))晝間為(wei)(wei)(wei)60 dB(A),夜間為(wei)(wei)(wei)50dB(A);對于1類區(qu)域(居住(zhu)、文教機(ji)(ji)關(guan)區(qu))晝間為(wei)(wei)(wei)55 dB(A)、夜間為(wei)(wei)(wei)45 dB(A)。機(ji)(ji)組運行(xing)時產生(sheng)的噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)給城(cheng)市環(huan)境帶來了嚴重(zhong)的噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)污(wu)(wu)染,影響了人們的正常(chang)工作和(he)生(sheng)活,也(ye)限(xian)制了燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組的廣(guang)泛(fan)應用(yong)。本(ben)文就是(shi)針(zhen)對燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)污(wu)(wu)染問題,提出了一(yi)套(tao)整改措施,以期降(jiang)低機(ji)(ji)組噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),促進燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發電(dian)機(ji)(ji)組的推廣(guang)應用(yong)。
1聲源分析(xi)
燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發(fa)電機(ji)(ji)組的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)來源,燃(ran)(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)可分(fen)為(wei)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、機(ji)(ji)械(xie)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)振動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)主(zhu)(zhu)要包(bao)括進(jin)、排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)風扇(shan)(shan)旋(xuan)轉引起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)振動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),這部分(fen)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)直接向空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中傳(chuan)播。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)缸內燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)所形(xing)成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓力(li)振動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)通過(guo)缸蓋，機(ji)(ji)體向外輻射的(de)(de)(de)(de)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)叫燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng);活塞對(dui)缸套的(de)(de)(de)(de)撞擊(ji),配氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)構、噴(pen)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)系(xi)統等運動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部件(jian)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)撞擊(ji)振動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)統稱為(wei)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。機(ji)(ji)組工作時(shi),廢氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)從排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)門(men)高(gao)速沖出,沿排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)歧(qi)管進(jin)入消聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器,最后從尾管排(pai)入大(da)(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。排(pai)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),往往比發(fa)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)主(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)高(gao)15 dB(A)左(zuo)右,其次分(fen)別是(shi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)燒(shao)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、風扇(shan)(shan)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、進(jin)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。
2改造設計(ji)
基于(yu)燃氣(qi)發電(dian)機(ji)組(zu)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)理(li),難以(yi)(yi)用(yong)降(jiang)低聲(sheng)源噪聲(sheng)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)來消(xiao)聲(sheng),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)主要是(shi)要有(you)效阻斷(duan)其噪聲(sheng)傳播途徑。消(xiao)聲(sheng)技術(shu)(shu)的(de)核心就(jiu)是(shi)利用(yong)聲(sheng)波(bo)在傳播中自然衰減的(de)規(gui)律去縮小噪聲(sheng)的(de)污染面。具體降(jiang)低噪聲(sheng)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)有(you)以(yi)(yi)下幾種(zhong)(zhong):吸聲(sheng)、隔聲(sheng)及改變噪聲(sheng)傳播方(fang)向。在實際工(gong)程應用(yong)中往往只用(yong)其中一種(zhong)(zhong),本文采用(yong)三種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)并用(yong)的(de)措施,針對燃氣(qi)發電(dian)機(ji)組(zu)提出了新(xin)型組(zu)合降(jiang)噪技術(shu)(shu)。
2.1組合消(xiao)聲器
原來的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器以(yi)阻(zu)性消(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為主,功耗(hao)(hao)(hao)大(da),消(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)效果不理想。經仔細(xi)論證,應(ying)用(yong)三(san)(san)級組合(he)(he)降(jiang)噪技(ji)術(shu),將消(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器改造(zao)為新(xin)型組合(he)(he)式(shi)消(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器。該(gai)(gai)組合(he)(he)式(shi)消(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器的(de)主要(yao)組成(cheng)部件有對(dui)噴消(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)減振腔(qiang)、多(duo)孔(kong)式(shi)消(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)罩及(ji)吸聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)隔(ge)熱層和(he)吸聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)共振板等。聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)源通過(guo)第(di)一(yi)級的(de)對(dui)噴消(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)減振腔(qiang),可(ke)將中低(di)頻(pin)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)源的(de)噪聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)充分(fen)進(jin)行(xing)抗性耗(hao)(hao)(hao)散。二級的(de)多(duo)孔(kong)式(shi)阻(zu)性消(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)罩可(ke)消(xiao)(xiao)去大(da)部分(fen)高頻(pin)噪聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),增加了(le)消(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器對(dui)高頻(pin)的(de)適(shi)應(ying)性,而且(qie)在(zai)該(gai)(gai)腔(qiang)內(nei)裝有高效吸聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)材料,可(ke)對(dui)噪聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)進(jin)行(xing)充分(fen)的(de)吸收和(he)變(bian)向,從而最大(da)限度地消(xiao)(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)(hao)噪聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)。第(di)三(san)(san)級為專門設計的(de)帶共振板的(de)排氣(qi)管,進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)通過(guo)薄片的(de)振動進(jin)行(xing)消(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。經測試(shi),新(xin)型消(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)量(liang)、消(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)頻(pin)率(lv)范(fan)圍(主要(yao)為消(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)量(liang)峰值的(de)頻(pin)率(lv)范(fan)圍)及(ji)阻(zu)力損失三(san)(san)大(da)指標均優于原來的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器。此外該(gai)(gai)消(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器尺(chi)寸適(shi)宜,結(jie)構剛性好,安裝方便,并具(ju)有抑(yi)制(zhi)再(zai)生噪聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)功能(neng)(neng)。而且(qie)后部的(de)吸聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)隔(ge)音(yin)層具(ju)有防(fang)腐(fu)性能(neng)(neng),可(ke)有效地克服煙(yan)氣(qi)的(de)低(di)溫露點腐(fu)蝕(shi),延長(chang)了(le)消(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器的(de)使用(yong)壽(shou)命。
2.2兩級隔振襯墊
控(kong)制(zhi)機(ji)械噪(zao)聲(sheng)和燃(ran)燒噪(zao)聲(sheng)的(de)有效辦法是對機(ji)組進(jin)行隔(ge)(ge)振處(chu)理。燃(ran)氣機(ji)、發電(dian)機(ji)與鋼制(zhi)底盤(pan)間(jian)裝設(she)復合隔(ge)(ge)振減(jian)振墊,底盤(pan)與基礎(chu)之間(jian)亦墊上(shang)高效減(jian)振膠墊。經過兩級隔(ge)(ge)振處(chu)理,不僅使機(ji)組的(de)振動被有效隔(ge)(ge)斷,而(er)且使機(ji)組運行更加平穩,整體噪(zao)聲(sheng)顯著降低。
2.3消聲排風道
風(feng)扇(shan)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是由旋(xuan)轉噪(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)渦(wo)流(liu)(liu)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)組成。旋(xuan)轉噪(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)由旋(xuan)轉風(feng)扇(shan)葉片切割空氣(qi)流(liu)(liu)產生(sheng)周(zhou)期性擾動(dong)而(er)引起。渦(wo)流(liu)(liu)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是在旋(xuan)轉葉片截面(mian)上發生(sheng)邊界層分(fen)離時,氣(qi)體(ti)滑脫或(huo)分(fen)裂而(er)成的(de)一(yi)系列的(de)漩渦(wo)流(liu)(liu),從而(er)輻射出(chu)一(yi)種非穩定(ding)的(de)流(liu)(liu)動(dong)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。排(pai)風(feng)道(dao)直接與外界相通,空氣(qi)流(liu)(liu)速很大,氣(qi)流(liu)(liu)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、風(feng)扇(shan)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)機械噪(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)經此(ci)通道(dao)輻射出(chu)去。為了控制風(feng)扇(shan)和(he)(he)排(pai)風(feng)通道(dao)的(de)噪(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),設計了一(yi)個(ge)消(xiao)(xiao)音(yin)排(pai)風(feng)道(dao)。這個(ge)消(xiao)(xiao)音(yin)排(pai)風(feng)道(dao)長度較(jiao)大,由導風(feng)槽(cao)和(he)(he)排(pai)風(feng)降噪(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)腔(qiang)組成。排(pai)風(feng)降噪(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)腔(qiang)的(de)工作(zuo)原理,類似于阻性消(xiao)(xiao)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)器。可(ke)通過更(geng)換吸(xi)音(yin)材(cai)料(liao)(改(gai)變材(cai)料(liao)的(de)吸(xi)音(yin)系數),改(gai)變吸(xi)音(yin)材(cai)料(liao)厚度、排(pai)風(feng)通道(dao)長度和(he)(he)寬度等參數來提高消(xiao)(xiao)音(yin)效果。
2.4消聲進氣道
機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)工作在(zai)(zai)封閉的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)(ji)房(fang)里(li)面,從廣(guang)義上講,進(jin)(jin)(jin)氣(qi)(qi)系統包括機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)風通道(dao)(dao)和(he)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)氣(qi)(qi)系統。進(jin)(jin)(jin)風通道(dao)(dao)和(he)排風通道(dao)(dao)一樣直(zhi)接與外界相通,空氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)流速很大,氣(qi)(qi)流的(de)(de)(de)噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)和(he)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)運(yun)轉的(de)(de)(de)噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)都(dou)經進(jin)(jin)(jin)風通道(dao)(dao)輻射到外面。發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)進(jin)(jin)(jin)氣(qi)(qi)系統的(de)(de)(de)噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)由進(jin)(jin)(jin)氣(qi)(qi)門周(zhou)期性(xing)開、閉而產生的(de)(de)(de)壓力波動(dong)所(suo)形(xing)成(cheng),其噪(zao)聲(sheng)(sheng)頻率一般(ban)處(chu)于(yu)500 Hz以下的(de)(de)(de)低頻范圍。在(zai)(zai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)房(fang)墻上設置了(le)兩(liang)個消聲(sheng)(sheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)氣(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao),分別作為機(ji)(ji)(ji)房(fang)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)風口和(he)發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)(jin)(jin)氣(qi)(qi)口。由于(yu)排風造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)室內(nei)負壓,使冷空氣(qi)(qi)自然通過(guo)消聲(sheng)(sheng)進(jin)(jin)(jin)氣(qi)(qi)道(dao)(dao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)入機(ji)(ji)(ji)房(fang)內(nei),將機(ji)(ji)(ji)體(ti)散發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)熱量順利排出。從而保(bao)證了(le)機(ji)(ji)(ji)房(fang)內(nei)有足夠的(de)(de)(de)新鮮空氣(qi)(qi)。
四、上海燃氣發電機組回收產品的注意事項
1、燃(ran)氣(qi)發電機組機房應遠(yuan)離明火區域；
2、燃(ran)氣(qi)發電(dian)機組機房應寬敞、明亮(liang)且要求(qiu)安裝換氣(qi)扇以(yi)保證良好的(de)通風；
3、燃(ran)氣發電機組(zu)安裝時底盤與地基應(ying)用(yong)平墊鐵找平。接觸面積應(ying)在60%以(yi)上，且分布均勻；
4、室內安裝照明、開關、線路及其電(dian)器應(ying)采(cai)用(yong)防爆(bao)措施,且固(gu)定牢固(gu)；
5、燃氣發電機組機房內應符合消防要求，配備滅火器(qi)等消防器(qi)械；
6、燃(ran)氣發電機(ji)組機(ji)房內安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)可燃(ran)氣體報警裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置，可燃(ran)氣體泄露時能及時發現；
7、60kw以(yi)(yi)下單(dan)臺燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)發動機燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)管路的外部(bu)主要管道內徑應不(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)2吋，靠近發動機的部(bu)分內徑應不(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)1吋！60kw以(yi)(yi)上燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)發電機組則(ze)分別是3吋和兩(liang)吋。且(qie)必(bi)須安裝(zhuang)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)閥門（不(bu)銹鋼球閥）、型(xing)放水閥、防(fang)回火裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)管路焊接完成(cheng)應清理焊渣（用(yong)高壓空氣(qi)(qi)）；
