上海水輪發電機回收
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產品介紹
上海水輪發電機(ji)(ji)由水輪機(ji)(ji)驅動。它的(de)轉(zhuan)子短粗，機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)起(qi)動、并網所需時間較(jiao)短，運行調度(du)靈活，除一般發電外(wai)，特別(bie)宜于作(zuo)為調峰機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)和事(shi)故備用(yong)機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)。水輪發電機(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)最大容量已達80萬(wan)千(qian)瓦。一(yi)、上海水輪發電(dian)機回(hui)收的分類
水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪(lun)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)按軸線(xian)位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)分(fen)為立(li)式(shi)(shi)(shi)與(yu)臥式(shi)(shi)(shi)兩(liang)類。大中型機(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)一般采用立(li)式(shi)(shi)(shi)布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)，臥式(shi)(shi)(shi)布(bu)置(zhi)(zhi)通(tong)常用于(yu)小(xiao)(xiao)型機(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)和貫流式(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)。立(li)式(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪(lun)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)按導軸承支持(chi)方(fang)式(shi)(shi)(shi)又分(fen)為懸式(shi)(shi)(shi)和傘(san)(san)(san)式(shi)(shi)(shi)兩(liang)種。傘(san)(san)(san)式(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪(lun)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)按導軸承位(wei)于(yu)上下機(ji)架的(de)不同位(wei)置(zhi)(zhi)又分(fen)為普通(tong)傘(san)(san)(san)式(shi)(shi)(shi)、半(ban)傘(san)(san)(san)式(shi)(shi)(shi)和全傘(san)(san)(san)式(shi)(shi)(shi)。懸式(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪(lun)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)穩定性比傘(san)(san)(san)式(shi)(shi)(shi)好，推力軸承小(xiao)(xiao)，損耗(hao)小(xiao)(xiao)，安裝維護方(fang)便(bian)，但鋼材(cai)耗(hao)量多(duo)。傘(san)(san)(san)式(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)總高度低，可(ke)降低水(shui)(shui)(shui)電(dian)(dian)站廠房高度。臥式(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪(lun)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)一般用于(yu)轉(zhuan)速大于(yu)375r/min的(de)情況(kuang)，以及一些小(xiao)(xiao)容量電(dian)(dian)站。 水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪(lun)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)對(dui)于(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪(lun)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)容量和轉(zhuan)速等(deng)級劃分(fen),世界各國(guo)尚無(wu)統一的(de)標準。根據我(wo)國(guo)的(de)情況(kuang),大致上可(ke)以按下表劃分(fen)其容量和轉(zhuan)速等(deng)級：
分(fen)類 額(e)定(ding)功率(lv)Pn(kW) 額(e)定(ding)轉速Nn(r/min)
低速 中速 高(gao)速
微(wei)型水輪發(fa)電機 <100 750-1500
小型水輪發電(dian)機 100-500 <375 375-600 750-1500
中型水(shui)輪發電機(ji) 500-10000 <375 375-600 750-1500
大型水輪(lun)發電機 >10000375
二、上海水(shui)輪發(fa)電機回收的(de)結構(gou)
水(shui)輪(lun)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)由轉子、定(ding)子、機(ji)架、推力軸承(cheng)、導軸承(cheng)、冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)器、制動器等主要部(bu)件(jian)組成(cheng)（見圖）。定(ding)子主要由機(ji)座、鐵(tie)芯和繞組等部(bu)件(jian)組成(cheng)。定(ding)子鐵(tie)芯用(yong)冷(leng)(leng)軋(ya)硅鋼片疊(die)成(cheng)，按制造和運(yun)輸(shu)條(tiao)件(jian)可做成(cheng)整體和分瓣結構。水(shui)輪(lun)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)方式一般(ban)采用(yong)密(mi)閉循環空氣冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)。特(te)大容量機(ji)組傾向于以(yi)水(shui)作為冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)介質，直接(jie)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)定(ding)子。如同時(shi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)定(ding)子和轉子則為雙(shuang)水(shui)內冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)輪(lun)發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)組。
三、上海水輪發電機回收的安裝結構形式
水輪(lun)(lun)發電機的安(an)裝結構(gou)形式(shi)通常(chang)由水輪(lun)(lun)機的型(xing)式(shi)確定(ding)。主要有(you)以下幾種型(xing)式(shi):
1)臥式結構
臥(wo)式結構的(de)(de)水(shui)輪(lun)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)通(tong)常(chang)有(you)沖擊式水(shui)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)驅(qu)動。臥(wo)式水(shui)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)通(tong)常(chang)采(cai)用兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)或(huo)三(san)個(ge)(ge)軸承(cheng)。兩(liang)個(ge)(ge)軸承(cheng)的(de)(de)結構其(qi)軸向長(chang)度短，結構緊湊，安裝調整方便。但當其(qi)軸系臨界(jie)轉速不(bu)(bu)能滿足要求或(huo)軸承(cheng)負荷較(jiao)大(da)(da)(da)時，這需要采(cai)用三(san)軸承(cheng)結構。國產臥(wo)室水(shui)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)大(da)(da)(da)部分屬于中小型(xing)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)。而容(rong)量為12.5MW的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)臥(wo)式機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)也有(you)生(sheng)產，國外(wai)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)臥(wo)式水(shui)輪(lun)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)，容(rong)量在60--70MW的(de)(de)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)罕(han)見，而用抽水(shui)蓄能電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)的(de)(de)臥(wo)式水(shui)輪(lun)發電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)，單機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)容(rong)量可達300MW。
2)立式結構
國產水輪發電(dian)機(ji)組廣泛采用立(li)式結構。立(li)式水輪發電(dian)機(ji)組通常由混流式或軸流式水輪機(ji)驅動。立(li)式結構又(you)可分為懸式和傘式。發電(dian)機(ji)推力軸承(cheng)位于轉(zhuan)子(zi)上部(bu)的統稱為懸式,位于轉(zhuan)子(zi)下(xia)部(bu)的統稱為傘式。
3)貫流式結構
貫(guan)流(liu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪(lun)發電機(ji)(ji)組由貫(guan)流(liu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)驅(qu)動。貫(guan)流(liu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)是一種帶有固(gu)定或(huo)可調轉輪(lun)葉片的軸(zhou)流(liu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)的特殊(shu)型式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。它(ta)的主要特征是轉輪(lun)軸(zhou)線采取(qu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平或(huo)傾斜(xie)布置,并(bing)與(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪(lun)機(ji)(ji)進(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)和出水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)流(liu)方向一致(zhi)。貫(guan)流(liu)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)輪(lun)發電機(ji)(ji)具有結(jie)構緊湊,重量輕的優點(dian),廣(guang)泛(fan)用于低水(shui)(shui)(shui)頭的電站中(zhong)。
四、上海水輪(lun)發電機(ji)回收的參數
①額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)功(gong)率(lv)：用以(yi)表(biao)示水(shui)輪發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)容量(liang)，以(yi)千瓦計。額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)功(gong)率(lv)除以(yi)效率(lv)不應(ying)大(da)于水(shui)輪機(ji)的(de)(de)最大(da)軸出力。②額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓：水(shui)輪發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓需經技術經濟(ji)比較會(hui)同制造廠決定(ding)(ding)，當前水(shui)輪發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓從(cong)6.3kV到 18.0kV。容量(liang)越大(da)則額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)電(dian)壓越高(gao)。③額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)功(gong)率(lv)因數:發(fa)電(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)有(you)功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)與額(e)(e)定(ding)(ding)視在(zai)功(gong)率(lv)之比,用cosφn表(biao)示,遠離負荷中(zhong)心的(de)(de)水(shui)電(dian)站常采用較高(gao)的(de)(de)功(gong)率(lv)因數，功(gong)率(lv)因數增大(da)則電(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)造價可略降(jiang)低(di)。
五、上海水輪發電(dian)機回收的(de)特點
①蓄(xu)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)主要(yao)起(qi)調(diao)峰填谷作用(yong)(yong)，機(ji)組起(qi)動(dong)停止很頻繁。發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)的(de)結構必須充分考慮其反(fan)復出(chu)現的(de)離心力，對結構材料造成疲勞和(he)(he)(he)(he)定子(zi)(zi)、轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)繞組上的(de)熱變化和(he)(he)(he)(he)熱膨脹，定子(zi)(zi)常采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)熱彈性絕緣；②可逆式(shi)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)用(yong)(yong)常規水(shui)輪(lun)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)上的(de)風扇不能(neng)滿足散熱降溫的(de)要(yao)求(qiu),對大容量高轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)的(de)機(ji)組一般采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)外設(she)風扇;③推力軸(zhou)承和(he)(he)(he)(he)導軸(zhou)承在正反(fan)旋轉(zhuan)時，油膜都不能(neng)破壞；④結構與起(qi)動(dong)方(fang)式(shi)有(you)(you)密切關系，用(yong)(yong)起(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)則在同(tong)軸(zhou)上裝有(you)(you)專用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)，如(ru)需(xu)改(gai)(gai)變發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)轉(zhuan)速(su)(su)時，除改(gai)(gai)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)相位外，還需(xu)將定子(zi)(zi)繞組改(gai)(gai)接和(he)(he)(he)(he)將轉(zhuan)子(zi)(zi)換極。
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